Oxyntic glands
Also known as gastric glands, these glands are found in 80% of the stomach. They contain parietal cells that produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption.
The three types of gastric glands are:
Pyloric
Cardiac
Fundus or oxyntic
Oxyntic glands contain:
Parietal cells: Also known as oxyntic cells, these epithelial cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL): These cells contain histamine.
D cells: These cells secrete somatostatin.
Mucus: This acts as a barrier to the corrosive nature of gastric acid.
Pepsinogen: This is secreted by oxyntic glands.
Lieberkühn glands
These glands are found in the small intestine. They secrete digestive enzymes, produce cells to replace surface-membrane cells, and provide outlet ports for Brunner glands.
Lieberkühn glands are made up of three types of cells:
Zymogenic cells: These are the "chief" cells, located at the base of the gland. They are thought to produce the enzymes pepsin and rennin.
Pepsin breaks down proteins, while rennin curdles milk.
Parietal cells: These cells are part of the glands, which produce hydrochloric acid, and crypt cells, which secrete enzymes.
Mucous neck cells: These cells are part of the glands, secrete a thin film of mucus that forms glands called crypts of Lieberkühn, are located in the neck of the gastric glands.
The glands secrete intestinal juice, which is a clear to pale yellow, watery secretion.
It contains: Hormones, Digestive enzymes, Mucus, Neutralizing substances.
The crypts contain stem cells that can produce different cell types, including: Enterocytes, Paneth cells.
The crypts can be seen with the help of a lens. Their orifices appear as small dots scattered between the villi.
